What are the symptoms of bladder cancer?
Bladder cancer is associated with different symptoms depending on the extent of the disease, including:
- increased urgency to empty the bladder
- pain or achiness in the pelvis or lower back
- painful urination
- blood in the urine or urine that appears pink or dark
Because some other diseases and conditions can cause similar symptoms, seeing a doctor at the first sign of symptoms is the best way to ensure you get the most appropriate care as soon as possible.
What are the causes of bladder cancer?
Like other types of cancer, bladder cancer occurs when the cells inside the bladder lining begin to grow at an abnormal rate and manner. Bladder cancer is most common among older adults, but it can occur at any age. The underlying cause of bladder cancer hasn't been identified, but it tends to occur more commonly among people with the following risk factors:
- family history of bladder cancer
- personal history of smoking
- history of bladder infections or inflammation
- radiation exposure
- history of parasitic infections
- prolonged use of some medications including diabetes medications
Men are also more likely to have bladder cancer than women.
What methods are used to diagnose bladder cancer?
One of the most common techniques is a minimally-invasive technique called cytoscopy that uses a flexible scope to look inside the bladder and take a small tissue sample. Diagnostic imaging and urine testing may also be ordered.
How is bladder cancer treated?
Treatment depends on the extent of your cancer, and may include:
- surgery to remove the tumor and sometimes a small portion of bladder tissue as well
- surgery to remove the bladder completely
- chemotherapy
- radiation therapy
In some cases, more than one treatment will be needed to successfully treat the cancer.
